Chinese Journal of Medical Genetics

ESTIMATION OF GENE EXPRESSION FOR THE OSMYB48 GENE AND PROLINE CONCENTRATION IN SEVERAL RICE GENOTYPES IN TERMS OF WATER STRESS

Yahya A. Al-Ethari, Fouad R. Al-Burki* and Abdulkadhim J. Musa — 2023-04-17

A field experiment was carried out at the rice research station in Al-Mishkhab- Al-Najaf Governorate during the summer agricultural season 2022. The aim of this study is to estimate the gene expression of the OsMYB48 gene and to measure the concentration of proline in the leaves of several rice genotypes in terms of water stress. The first factor were genotypes (Anber-33, jasmine, Al-Baraka, Al-Furat, K1, K35, and K45), and the second factor was water stress. The treatment began with drought stress after two weeks (from the date of transferring the seedlings to the land of the permanent field), and continued until the physiological maturity using three levels are: daily continuous flood irrigation (control), flood irrigation every five days, and flood irrigation every 10 days. The results of gene expression showed a clear variation in the seven studied genotypes at the level of the barrier cycle Ct, intensity and cycles, as the average values for expression start from the threshold of 15 upwards in all studied genotypes, there is a varying relationship between mostly inverse and positive sometimes between the values of the barrier cycle (Ct ) and gene expression values (fold change), and the results indicated that the highest decrease in CT values occurred at the genotypes (Anber-33, K1, K35), which amounted to (27.97, 28.83, 29.27) sequentially, which also showed a very high level of The gene expression of the target gene OsMYB48 at the treatment (irrigation period every 10 days), which was (831.74645, 40.78594, 7.41270) for Anber-33, K35 and K1, respectively. The results also showed that there are clear differences in the degree of gene expression between the other genotypes for water stress tolerance and the studied gene, as the target gene OsMYB48 gave the highest value of gene expression in the second treatment (every five days) in the genotype K45, which amounted to 2.44528 compared to the cultivar Jasmine, who recorded a relatively low expression in the three irrigation periods, on the other hand, the level of gene expression did not differ for the two cultivars (Al-Furat and Al-Baraka) and they were given (1.75321 and 1.72864) sequentially when third treatment (irrigated every 10 days) with high Ct values of (35.35 and 32.53). Sequentially, while the genotype K45 recorded the lowest value of gene expression when third treatment (every 10 days), amounting to 0.00128. With regard to the results of estimating the proline content in the leaves, the genotype K35 recorded the lowest average for this trait, amounting to 21.06 mg 100g-1, while the genotype K1 gave the highest mean of 31.85 mg 100g-1, which was not significantly different from the genotype K45, which recorded an average of 30.33 mg 100g. -1. Based on the aforementioned, it is possible to adopt the gene expression technique as an indicator to distinguish between genotypes and select them under conditions of exposure to water stress, in addition to adopting the ability of genotypes to accumulate proline as a good indicator of the possibility of drought tolerance in rice crop breeding and selection of the best varieties in water-limited environments.

CLASSIFICATION AND SELECTION ACCORDING TO SOME PHYSICAL AND FUNCTIONAL ABILITIES OF STUDENTS FOR AGES (12 YEARS) ATHLETICS

Haider Balash Jabr — 2023-05-13

The process of preparing athletes without doing the main pillar, which is the initial selection represented by the proper selection to achieve the best current and future sports results, is considered an unsuccessful process because it lacks scientific foundations and scientific selection. The task that must be taken care of is the subject of selection as a result of the low levels and achievements in most sporting events, especially athletics. And that the low level of participation in athletics tournaments for students is due to the lack of a scientific strategy for selecting students (cubs) for athletics, especially in the 12-year-old year, in which there is a growth spurt where the body is in a state of clear construction with individuals of the same age This gives an indication of selection in the good selection of athletics players, so the researcher considered studying this problem because there is still a need to study how to select 12-year-old students and then classify them to practice the appropriate effectiveness and physical, physical and functional determinants in athletics.

Where the researcher determined the research community represented by primary school students (aged 12 years) in all the schools of Samawah (city center), which numbered (45) schools. The process of the initial selection of the research community by conducting achievement tests in the activities of the (100m, 800m, push-ball, long jump). and functional, through the results, followed by the final selection process.

The researcher conducted the initial selection process for the research community during the period from (26/11/2021) to (26/12/2021). Then (500) students were selected, and some physical measurements and physical and functional tests were conducted on them during the period from (4/11/2022) to (25/11/2022), where the researcher divided the schools into groups and according to the timetable (morning, noon). After the classification process, the researcher was able to sort three groups, the first group was classified into throwing activities, numbering (178) students, the second group running activities, numbering (112) students, and the third group jumping or jumping activities, numbering 210 students, and each group is characterized by a set of tests. And the groups share among themselves a set of measurements and tests, and in light of the statistical treatments, several conclusions were reached, including defining a set of measurements and tests to categorize and direct the cubs to the activities of the arena and the field, and some common variables appeared between the groups, the majority of the classification came according to physical measurements as a result of a mutation The growth experienced by the juniors, it is possible for the junior to excel in more than one test that suits all activities, but it is directed to the event in which the junior achieved the most achievement, and the researcher recommends in light of the selection process The first is to take care of them in educational and training institutions, from which they prepare for the second type of selection (specialized selection) and then to higher levels and the necessity for trainers to apply measurements and physical and functional tests periodically to the cubs in the arena and field to identify their capabilities in addition to working on generalizing the results in this study to clubs And the Iraqi centers, for the purpose of benefiting from them when selecting students and the necessity of proper and scientific selection of students in order to be able to put students in the right place and achieve the best results, according to the results of the current study.

THE CORRELATION BETWEEN CHANGES IN D-DIMER AND CRP WITH SEVERITY AND MORTALITY IN COVID-19 PATIENTS

Suzan Q. Nuaimi*, Sami A. Zbaar & Nehad N. Helal — 2023-05-25

The SARS-CoV-2 outbreak occurred in Wuhan, China, close to the end of 2019. In weeks, a health crisis emerged, sickening millions of people. It has a major impact on the respiratory system, resulting in severe acute respiratory distress syndrome. This case-control study was carried out in Kirkuk general hospital (covid-19 epidemic and isolation center) from the period started from 1st of November 2020 to the end of January 2021, The study included 60 patients with positive rRT-PCR for Covid-19 admitted to hospital or treated as an outpatient. Patients classified into (20 patients with severe symptoms ,20 patients with moderate symptoms and 20 patients with mild symptoms) depending on clinical findings and SPO2 level, their Ages varied between 25-85 years. The study also included 30 healthy control individuals with negative rRT-PCR for Covid-19 and no apparent chronic diseases. Blood were collected from participants and laboratory investigation performed which includes (D-dimer, S fibrinogen and C-reactive protein). The study showed a significant increase in all measured laboratory parameters in patients with positive rRT-PCR when compared to control group with no apparent clinical disease. D-dimer showed an increase by a mean of (2.18 mcg/ml) when compared to control group (0.23 mcg/ml) with a p value of (<0.05). And when it’s level compared between the patient groups (severe, moderate and mild), it’s noted that it’s level mostly increased in the severe patient group with a mean of (4.61mcg/ml) when compared to the moderate and mild groups with a p value (<0.05). CRP increased in the patient group by a mean of (60.24 mg/l) when compared to the control group (2.39 mg/l) with a p value (<0.05). And likewise D-dimer, it’s mostly increased in the severe patient group by a mean of (86.27 mg/l) when compared to other groups, with a p value (<0.05).

As a conclusion to our research, these measures can be utilized as predictors for illness progression, intensity, or follow-up after therapy since higher levels of D-dimer, fibrinogen, and CRP were linked to a worse prognosis and death.

THE ROLE OF PRO-INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES IN CYTOKINE STORM AND ITS RELATION TO THE SEVERITY OF COVID-19 INFECTION

Sazan Sdeeq Kareem*, Sami A. Zbaar & Wisam Suhail Najm — 2023-05-27

The new coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outburs tbegan in December 2019 in Wuhan, China, and has occurred as a serious pandemic. SARS-CoV-2 infection is illustrious with numerous epidemiological and pathological characteristics, among them, being the excessive liberation of cytokine, which sequentially elicit an anomalous uninhibited reaction identified as a cytokine storm. The aim of the present study to estimate the association among some proinflammatory cytokines(Interleukin 6, Tumor necrosis factor-alpha) and ferritin level in the sera of patients diagnosed with corona virus disease 2019 to find out its role in cytokine storm and its relation to the outcome of Corona virus disease 2019 regarding severity and mortality. This is a case-control study (comparative) carried out in Kirkuk general hospital (covid-19 epidemic center)/Kirkuk/Iraq from the period started from 1^st of November 2020 to the end of January 2021. The study included 60 patients with positive rRT-PCR for Covid-19: 20 patients with severe symptoms and Spo2 less than 90% admitted into the Intensive care unit in the hospital, 20 patients with moderate symptoms with Spo2 90-94% admitted to the hospital, and 20 patients with mild symptoms with Spo2 >94%, treated as an outpatient. 30 adult subjects were considered as control with negative rRT-PCR for Covid-19. The blood samples were collected from patients and control groups, and interviews were carried out with them using a questionnaire form. IL-6 and TNF-α were measured by ELISA techniques, while ferritin measure was done by the i-chroma technique. The study showed that, the mean of age was higher in severe COVID19patientsgroup (64. 25) compared with moderate (63. 25) and mild (47. 55) groups although the result was non-significant. the levels of spo2 decreased in the severe group < 90%, while in a moderate group between 90-94% and the mild group >94%. IL-6, TNF α, and ferritin were measured in COVID19 patients, and compared with a healthy control group, a significant increase was observed in the level of the biomarkers (means 23. 81, 22. 07, 441. 69) in patients group in comparison with a control group (11. 26, 12. 68, 75. 62), p-value<0. 05. IL-6,TNF α, and Ferritin showed a significant increase in severe COVID19 patientsgroup (means- 41. 52, 38. 15,642. 91) respectively, in comparison with the moderate patients' group (means- 16. 72,15. 35, 483. 26) and mild patients group (means -13. 21, 12. 7, 198. 91).

Conclusion: The current study shows an obvious relation between measured parameters (IL-6, TNFα, and ferritin) and the progression, severity of the disease. Since, they play an important role in cytokine storm syndrome, serial measurements of these parameters together can be used as predictors for worse prognosis, the severity, and fatality of COVID 19.